Choose a language:
Map

Languages of the Hindu-Kush

Indo-Aryan Branch of the
Indo-Iranian Languages
  • Pashai [1]
    • Western (pašaī proper)
      • Panjshir–Pachaghān
      • Alishang–Uzbin
      • Upper Alingar (?)
      • Tagāw ("South-Western")
    • Eastern
      • Laghmān Group
        • kurmait'o ("Laghmāni")
        • "damenci"
        • s'ūm dialect
      • Kunar Group ("š'āRi", a Pashto term for Pashaī speakers)
        • degān'o
        • Upper Darra-i Nur
        • Lower Darra-i Nur
      • Pech Group ("North-Eastern")
        • Calāsi–KuRangali
        • cūganī
  • Pech Group
    • GRangali (g'õgali)–Nungalāmi [2]
    • Šumašti [3]
    • gahwār-bāti [4]
  • (Pech-Kunar Group ?)
    • KaTār-Qalāi [5] (?)
  • Chitral Group
    • KalaSa [6]
      • kal'aSa-mandr
      • kal'aSa-mun(d)
    • khow'ar [7]
  • Tirāhi [8] (not on map)
  • Kohistāni Group
    • Western
      • dåmia-båSa [9] (?)
      • Dir Kohistāni–garv'i ("Bashkarik") [10]
    • Eastern
      • Indus Kohistāni ("Maiyā˜") [11]
        • Duber–Kandia
        • PaTan–kanyawāli
      • Gowro [12]
      • Cilisso [13]
      • bhaT'e-sa z'ib [14]
      • Torwāli [15]
  • Shina (Sinā') [16]
    • Cilāsi
      • Dispersed dialects
      • kohistyo˜
      • Eastern dialects
        • Astori, Drasi, etc.
    • Gilgiti
      • Brokskat
  • Kashmiri [17] (not on map)
    • KashtawāRi
    • Poguli

  • [Remaining Indo-Aryan groups are located to the east and south. Included in these are Hindko and Gujuri, which appear on the map]
Nuristāni Branch of the
Indo-Iranian Languages
  • Southern Group
    • ĀSkuNu [1]
      • āSkuNu-vźri
        • Bāzāigal
        • Kolatā˜
        • Titin
      • saNu-vīri
      • grāmsaNā-vīri
    • kalaSa-alā [2]
      • varjan-alā
        • vä-alā (vai-alā)
        • ameš-alā
        • jāmameš-alā
        • Zö˜c-alā
      • cima-nišei-alā
    • Tregāmi [3]
  • Northern Group
    • kāmk'ata-viri [4]
    • vāsi-vari [5]
      • uS'üt-var'e
      • üš'üt-üē'ü-zum'u-vari
      • Sup'u-var'i

Iranian Branch of the
Indo-Iranian Languages
  • Eastern Group
    • Northern Group
      • Ossetian [1] (not on map)
      • Yaghnobi [2] (not on map)
    • Southern Group
      • Pashto (paxt'o) [3]
      • Munji–YidGa (idGa) [4]
      • Iškāšmi–Sangleci [5]
      • Wāxi (xik) [6]
      • Pamir Group
        • ŠuGni Group [7]
          • ŠuGni–Bajuvi
          • Rošāni–Xufi
          • Bartangi–Orošori–Sarikoli
        • YazGulāmi [8]
  • Western Group
    • Northern Group
      • Paraci [9]
      • Ormuri [10] (not on map)
      • [Kurdish, Baloci, and other languages to the west]
    • Southern Group
      • Persian (fārsi) [11]
      • [other languages to the west]

Unaffiliated Language
  • bur'ušaski


Language and dialect names are in boldface; indigenous names are italicized; geographically based dialect names are in normal font. Within each phylogenetic branch languages (as opposed to dialects) are numbered for referential clarity. Colors are keyed to those on the map. A question mark (?) indicates that the classification of the preceding item is not thoroughly established.