Richard Strand's Nuristân Site:Languages of the Hindu-Kush

Map

Languages of the Hindu-Kush

Indo-Aryan Branch of the
Indo-Iranian Languages

Pashaî [1]
- Western (paša'î proper)
  - Panjshir–Pachaghân
  - Alishang–Uzbin
  - Upper Alingar (?)
  - Tagâw ("South-Western")
- Eastern
  - Laghmân Group
    - kurmait'o ("Laghmâni")
    - "damenci"
    - s'ûm dialect
  - Kunar Group ("š'âRi", a Pashto term for Pashaî speakers)
    - degân'o
    - Upper Darra-i Nur
    - Lower Darra-i Nur
  - Pech Group ("North-Eastern")
    - Calâsi–KuRangali
    - cûganî
Pech Group
- GRangali (g'õgali)–Nungalâmi [2]
- Šumašti [3]
- gahwâr-bâti [4]
(Pech-Kunar Group ?)
- KaTâr-Qalâi [5] (?)
Chitral Group
- KalaSa [6]
  - kal'aSa-mandr
  - kal'aSa-mun(d)
- khow'ar [7]
Tirâhi [8] (not on map)
Kohistâni Group
- Western
  - dåmia-båSa [9] (?)
  - Dir Kohistâni–garv'i ("Bashkarik") [10]
- Eastern
  - Indus Kohistâni ("Maiyâ˜") [11]
    - Duber–Kandia
    - PaTan–kanyawâli
  - Gowro [12]
  - Cilisso [13]
  - bhaTesa-zîb [14]
  - Torwâli [15]
Shina (Sinâ') [16]
- Cilâsi
  - Dispersed dialects
    - açharêtâ' (palôlâ')
    - ušuju (?)
    - KalkoTi (?)
  - kohistyo˜
  - Eastern dialects
    - Astori, Drasi, etc.
- Gilgiti
  - Brokskat
Kashmiri [17] (not on map)
- KashtawâRi
- Poguli
[Remaining Indo-Aryan groups are located to the east and south. Included in these are Hindko and Gujuri, which appear on the map]

Nuristâni Branch of the
Indo-Iranian Languages

Southern Group
- ÂSkuNu [1]
  - âSkuNu-vêri
    - Bâzâigal
    - Kolatâ˜
    - Titin
  - saNu-vîri
  - grâmsaNâ-vîri
- kalaSa-alâ [2]
  - varjan-alâ
    - vä-alâ (vai-alâ)
    - ameš-alâ
    - jâmameš-alâ
    - Zö˜c-alâ
  - cima-nišei-alâ
    - nišei-alâ
    - cimi-alâ
- Tregâmi [3]
Northern Group
- kâmk'ata-viri [4]
  - kât'a-vari
    - Eastern kât'a-vari
    - Western kât'a-vari
      - kt'i vRâ·i vari
  - mumv'iri
  - kâmv'iri
- vâsi-vari [5]
  - uS'üt-var'e
  - üš'üt-üç'ü-zum'u-vari
  - Sup'u-var'i

Iranian Branch of the
Indo-Iranian Languages

Eastern Group

Northern Group
- Ossetian [1] (not on map)
- Yaghnobi [2] (not on map)
Southern Group
- Pashto (paxt'o) [3]
- Munji–YidGa (idGa) [4]
- Iškâšmi–Sangleci [5]
- Wâxi (xik) [6]
- Pamir Group
  - ŠuGni Group [7]
    - ŠuGni–Bajuvi
    - Rošâni–Xufi
    - Bartangi–Orošori–Sarikoli
  - YazGulâmi [8]

Western Group

Northern Group
- Paraci [9]
- Ormuri [10] (not on map)
- [Kurdish, Baloci, and other languages to the west]
Southern Group
- Persian (fârsi) [11]
- [other languages to the west]

Unaffiliated Language

bur'ušaski

Language and dialect names are in boldface; indigenous names are italicized; geographically based dialect names are in normal font. Within each phylogenetic branch languages (as opposed to dialects) are numbered for referential clarity. Colors are keyed to those on the map. A question mark (?) indicates that the classification of the preceding item is not thoroughly established.